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- HISTORY, Page 99A Hero's Footnotes of Clay
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- Evidence surfaces of plagiarism by Martin Luther King
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- The historian's dream -- a major discovery about an
- important person -- is more of a nightmare for Stanford
- University professor Clayborne Carson. An admirer of the Rev.
- Martin Luther King Jr. and an expert on black America, Carson
- was picked by King's widow Coretta to head the team that is
- compiling the civil rights leader's papers. Two years ago,
- Carson's staff came upon unsettling signs of plagiarism.
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- Carson ordered researchers to document any instances where
- King had lifted other persons' words and ideas without credit.
- They were extensive. The board of the King Papers Project, at
- a 1989 meeting attended by Coretta King, decided to reveal the
- facts in its first volumes of papers, due in 1992. But last week
- the Wall Street Journal broke the story.
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- The borrowings occurred from 1948 to '55, when the civil
- rights leader was an unknown student at Crozer Theological
- Seminary in Chester, Pa., and a doctoral candidate at Boston
- University. According to Carson, King's writings regularly
- cribbed exact words or concepts from other people's work without
- proper attribution, although King usually cited the original
- source at least once. The prime example: King's doctoral
- dissertation in theology, which drew material from a
- dissertation written three years earlier by another student. By a
- "strict definition," in Carson's cautious phrase, this was
- plagiarism.
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- Why did King do it? Carson points out that King wrote his
- dissertation while he was a busy pastor at a large church in
- Montgomery. Thus he may have been rushed in his citations. David
- Garrow, author of the King biography Bearing the Cross,
- speculates that King may have been "profoundly insecure" at the
- time. Garrow also observes that preachers learn their craft by
- echoing one another, so perhaps King carried that practice into
- the classroom. Even so, "you can't excuse this," says Garrow.
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- That point was made emphatically last week by Boston
- University. When King was enrolled, the school declared, rules
- for citation were "strict, explicit and explicitly made known
- to all graduate students." The university has formed a
- blue-ribbon committee to investigate the alleged infraction. At
- worst, the school could strip King of his doctorate
- posthumously. But even though the revelations may tarnish King's
- reputation, they hardly diminish his courageous and
- inspirational accomplishments in helping to achieve racial
- justice for millions of black Americans.
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- By Richard N. Ostling. Reported by Melissa Ludtke/Boston and
- Paul A. Witteman/San Francisco.
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